『翻译文章』

无论是网站还是博客，最主要的目标便是给他的访客提供一个良好的用户体验。不管这个网站是面向什么样的市场，用户的最终观点决定了网站是否成功。有着积极的用户体验的人很有可能成为回头客，或许他们会向朋友推荐，订阅新闻列表，或者购买产品

在开发网站时，用户的需求应该放在第一位。不管运行什么样的网站，都应该是面向用户的。而不幸的是，很多设计与开发只是满足了设计者以及网站拥有者的需求，而对用户却一无所用。

什么样的网站才是对用户友好？这其中有数不清的因素，但我们只是看看其中最重要的五个因素

  1. 页面载入速度。尽管 告诉网络现在变得越来越稀松平常，但依然有大量的互联网用户在使用慢腾腾的拨号上网。就是在高速网络条件下，还是有一些页面载入很慢。绝大多数的用户都会感到不耐烦。极慢的载入速度会降低用户的页面访问量。对你的访客有所了解有助于网站的设计，比如用Google Analytics这类的程序可以统计用户互联网连接的类型。根据这些数据，你就会明白应该如何设计了。如大部分是拨号用户，最好还是让页面尽量快的载入。若多数是高速网络连接，可以考虑添加一些额外的元素。图片大小，Flash，额外的可执行代码都是影响载入速度的重要因素。
  2. 可用性。不能访问的网站对用户毫无作用。可用性已经成为开发设计者关注的对象，但远未达到目标。即使是大公司依然也在为可用性而不懈的努力，说只要保证对身体有残疾的人依然能够保证可用性。最简单的提高可用性的方法包括：对所有的图片使用Alt标签、使用合法的html，css编码方式、避免使用框架、是页面可以被访问者重新缩放，这些在456 Bereast上都有。
  3. 导航。每个用户都希望在网站里面游弋的时候能够找到他们所需的。对用户友好的一个重要的方面便是提供简洁直观的导航。在每个页面导航都应该在固定的区域。使用时用户容易发现的元素，比如“关于”和“联系我们”这样的页面。通用的规则是任何页面都应从你的主页通过两次点击到达。对于大型网站似乎是不现实的。但是提供站点地图和全站搜索确实有很大的作用。对于导航而言，另外的一个重要方面是用户不应该用去猜测点击了这个链接之后会大大哪里，不管链接是导航栏的一部分还是仅仅是文字，访客应该知道链接指向哪里
  4. 信息（内容）。用户之所以来你的网站是由原因的，无论是什么原因，你都应该提供她所要找的东西。他们是来找商业服务的基本信息的吗？或者他们想更深的链接摸个话题？无论如何，网站提供的信息应该能够满足用户的期望。博客应该为访客提供深刻理解的文章。餐厅的网站应该提供营业时间和菜单。显然，每一种情况都是不同的，为了建设一个用户友好的网站，你应该知道访客在寻找什么？然后把这些内容正确的放在用户面前。

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『原文』

A primary goal of any website or blog should be to provide its visitors with a pleasant and fulfilling experience. Regardless of what market the website is targeting, the opinions of users will play a huge role in determining the site’s level of success. Visitors that have positive experiences will be much more likely to come back later, refer friends, sign up for a newsletter, purchase a product, submit an inquiry about a service, etc.

When developing a website, the user’s wants and needs should always be in the forefront of the decision making process. It doesn’t matter what type of website you run, it needs to be user-focused. Unfortunately, sometimes it’s easy to get caught up in the design and development process and create a site that satisfies the designer or the owner but doesn’t really provide visitors with much value.

What makes a website user-friendly? There are probably an endless number of factors, but let’s look at five of the major ones.
1. Page Load Speed

Although high-speed internet connections are becoming more and more common, there is still a large number of internet users that are on slower dial-up connections. Even with high-speed connections some pages just don’t load very quickly. Most of your visitors will be fairly impatient and pages that load slowly could chase them away. At the very least, slow loading times will reduce the number of pages that they’ll visit on your site.

Knowing your site’s audience can really help to know how your pages should be designed. A program like Google Analytics will show you the percentage of your visitors that are using different internet connections. Based on the numbers you can get a good idea of what type of impact page load speed will have on your overall audience. If your site attracts a high percentage of users with dial-up connections, you should be sure to keep pages loading as quickly as possible. If a very high percentage of visitors are using high-speed connections, you may be able to add a few extra elements to your pages.

Factors that influence the load times of pages include the number and size of images, extra items like flash, the amount of excess code (example, designing with a table-based layout instead of CSS), and the size of your pages. (Read more about website optimization).
2. Accessibility

If someone can’t use or access your website it serves no purpose for that visitor. Accessibility of websites has become a bigger priority for designers and developers in recent years, but there is still a long way to go. Even major corporations have struggled to achieve complete accessibility. Target was even sued over the accessibility of its website for handicapped individuals.

Some of the easiest things that you can do to improve the accessibility of your site include using alt tags for all images, use valid HTML and CSS coding, avoid frames, and allow text to be re-sized by visitors. There is of course much more to accessibility, which was covered in detail by 456 Berea St.
3. Navigation

All users want to be able to move through the website to find what they want. A huge factor in being user-friendly is providing simple and intuitive navigation. Major areas of navigation should be located consistently on all pages. Using common elements that users expect to find, like About pages and Contact pages will help as most internet users have come to expect them and will look for them at times.

A general rule of thumb is that any page on your site should be reachable with 2 clicks from your home page. For larger sites this probably isn’t realistic, but offering a sitemap and/or a sitewide search can really help.

Another important factor with navigation is that user’s shouldn’t have to guess where they will end up if they click on a link. Regardless of whether the link is part of a navigation menu, or if it is simply in the body of the text, visitors should understand where the link will lead them.
4. Information

Visitors are coming to your site for a reason. Whatever that reason may be, you want to provide them with what they are seeking. Are they coming to find basic information on your business’ services? Are they coming to read in-depth articles on a particular subject? Whatever the case may be, the information that your website provides needs to sufficiently meet the expectations of visitors.

A blog like this one will need to provide its readers with great, insightful articles in order satisfy its visitors. The website of a restaurant may need to provide hours of operation and a menu in order satisfy its visitors. Obviously, each situation is different. In order to have a user-friendly website you need to anticipate what visitors will expect to find at your site, and then put it right in front of them.

I know this is just the tip of the iceberg on the subject of user-focused websites. What factors do you feel are important (either from the perspective of a visitor or a designer)?

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